ভারতের ইতিহাসে স্বর্ণযুগ হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয় গুপ্ত যুগকে। গুপ্ত বংশের নামমাত্র প্রতিষ্ঠাতা শ্ৰীগুপ্ত । গুপ্ত বংশের প্রকৃত প্রতিষ্ঠাতা বলা হয় প্রথম চন্দ্রগুপ্তকে। প্রথম চন্দ্রগুপ্তের উপাধি মহারাজাধিরাজ। চন্দ্রগুপ্ত সাম্রাজ্যের রাজধানী ছিল পাটালিপুত্রে। গুপ্তদের সময়ে রাজতন্ত্র ছিল সামন্ত নির্ভর। গুপ্ত রাজাদের অধীনে বড় কোনো অঞ্চলের শাসককে বলা হতো মহাসামন্ত। মৌর্যদের মতো এদেশে গুপ্তদের রাজধানী ছিল মহাস্থানগড়ের পুণ্ড্রনগর।
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আমাদের অল-ইন-ওয়ান মোবাইল অ্যাপের মাধ্যমে সীমাহীন শেখার সুযোগ উপভোগ করুন।
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